The basic components of the cooling tower are packing, ventilation equipment, water eliminator, water collection tank, water delivery system, air distribution device, outer protection structure of the main body of the tower, and other equipment.
The filler makes the hot water entering the cooling tower form fine water droplets or thin water film as much as possible, so as to increase the contact area and contact time between water and air, which is beneficial to the heat and mass exchange between water and air. Sub-drip sprinkler, film sprinkler and grid-shaped template sprinkler.
The ventilation equipment consists of a motor, a reducer, and a fan to generate the air flow required by the design and ensure the required cooling effect. Mechanical draft cooling towers are mainly axial fans.
The function of the water eliminator is to reduce the water content in the humid air discharged from the cooling tower. After the air flows through the filler and the water distribution system, it carries many small water droplets. Cooling water loss and impact on the external environment.
The sump is located at the lower part of the cross flow cooling tower or is set up separately to collect the water cooled by the filler. If the sump also plays the role of regulating the flow, it should have a certain reserve volume.
The water inlet pipe of the water delivery system sends hot water to the water distribution system, and a valve is set on the water inlet pipe to adjust the water flow into the tower; the outlet pipe sends cold water to the water use equipment or circulating water pump, and connecting pipes can be set between multiple towers if necessary. The sump is provided with water supply pipes, sewage pipes and overflow pipes.
The air distribution device is composed of air inlets, louvers, wind deflectors, etc., and guides the air to be evenly distributed on the entire air inlet section of the cooling tower.
The function of the water distribution system is to distribute the hot water evenly on the surface of the entire packing, so as to give full play to the function of the packing. Divided into: tube type (fixed type, rotary type), trough type and pool type.
The outer enclosure structure of the tower main body, including the frame and outer panels. It plays the function of supporting, maintaining and combining airflow. The frame should be treated with anticorrosion: painting or hot-dip galvanizing.
Other equipment: inspection doors, inspection ladders, passages, lightning protection devices, shock absorbers, electric heaters, etc.
Performance parameters of the cooling tower:
Nominal cooling flow: the amount of water entering the tower under standard design conditions (m3/h).
Power consumption ratio: The ratio of the active power actually consumed by the motor to the cooling water flow. The national standard stipulates that the actual power consumption ratio of G-type towers is not more than 0.05kw/m3/h, and that of other tower types is not more than 0.035kw/m3/h.
Evaporation: It is the part of evaporation necessary for cooling water and air to dissipate heat. Generally, it is 0.83% of the circulating water volume.
Floating water rate: When the cooling water flows through the water distribution system and filler, many small water droplets will be produced, some of which will be discharged from the cooling tower by the fan with the air, and this part is called floating water. The ratio of the amount of water floating out of the air duct to the circulating water entering the cooling tower per unit time is called the floating rate. The national standard stipulates that the floating water rate is not greater than 0.015% of the nominal cooling flow.
Sewage discharge: Circulating water is concentrated due to evaporation, and the condensed circulating water can corrode the piping of circulating water and metal parts in contact with circulating water, and become the cause of algae and dirt. In order to prevent such problems, it is necessary to discharge part of the concentrated circulating water, which is called blowdown. Generally, it is 0.4% of the circulating water volume.
The water replenishment is generally recommended to be 1.5% of the circulating water. Water replenishment is usually performed automatically by a float valve.
Noise: The noise of the cooling tower mainly comes from the vibration of the motor, fan, water spray and tower body.
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